Why is cytokinesis different in plant and animal cells

This means that the division of the cytoplasm takes place after the completion of the division of the nucleus. However, the cytokinesis or the division of the cytoplasm does not happen in the same way in plant and animal cells. This article will explain the difference in plant and animal cytokinesis and the cause is for this difference.

What Happens During Cytokinesis 2. Plant Cell Cytokinesis 3. Animal Cell Cytokinesis 4. How is Cytokinesis Different in Plants and Animals. The separation of the duplicated genetic material is ensured by the spindle apparatus. The number of chromosomes , as well as the number of chromosome sets of a daughter cell, should be equal to those of the mother cell in order to the daughter cells to be the functional copies of the parent cells. This process is called the symmetrical cytokinesis.

On the contrary, during oogenesis, the ovum consists of almost all the organelles and the cytoplasm of the precursor germ cell gonocytes. However, cells of the tissues like liver and skeletal muscle omit the cytokinesis by producing multi-nucleated cells. The main difference between plant cell and animal cell cytokinesis is the formation of new cell wall surrounding the daughter cells.

Plant cells form a cell plate between the two daughter cells. In animal cells, a cleavage furrow is formed between the two daughter cells. In mitotic division, after the completion of the cytokinesis, daughter cells enter into the interphase. In meiotic division, produced gametes are used for the completion of the sexual reproduction after the completion of cytokinesis by fusing with the other type of the gametes in the same species. Plant cells usually consist of a cell wall. Therefore, they form the cell plate at the middle of the parent cell, in order to separate two daughter cells.

Formation of the cell plate is shown in figure 1. Figure 1: Cell Plate Formation. Phragmoplast is microtubule array, supporting and guiding the cell plate formation. The microtubules which are utilized for the formation of the phragmoplast are the remnants of the spindle. Vesicles containing proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are trafficked into the mid zone of the phragmoplast by the microtubules since they are required for the formation of the cell plate.

The source of these vesicles is the Golgi apparatus. Widened microtubules laterally fuse with each other in order to form a planar sheet which is referred to as the cell plate. Other cell wall constituents along with cellulose deposit on the cell plate drive it to further maturation. Cell Structure 3. Membrane Structure 4. Membrane Transport 5. Origin of Cells 6. Cell Division 2: Molecular Biology 1. Metabolic Molecules 2. Water 3. Protein 5.

Enzymes 6. Cell Respiration 9. Photosynthesis 3: Genetics 1. Genes 2. Chromosomes 3. Meiosis 4. Inheritance 5. Genetic Modification 4: Ecology 1. Energy Flow 3. Cytoplasm is extremely important within each cell.

The cell's main support for organelles within the cell's membrane, the cytoplasm also contains many nutrients. A gelatinous substance, the cytoplasm suspends and holds each cell's nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes and many other organelles in place.

It also is home to the cytoskeleton, which creates the cell's shape and controls its movement. In plant cells, cytokinesis simply consists of the cell plate forming at the equator of the old cell that will soon be two. The cell plate--the future cell wall that will separate the two cells--divides the cytoplasm in half.

Cytokinesis in animal cells is more complex than in plant cells. A contractile ring, underneath the original cell's membrane, begins to form and contracts, which creates the cleavage furrow.