Why non newtonian fluid

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Measurement and impact factors of polymer rheology in porous media. The viscosity remains constant as the force applied changes. Non-Newtonian fluids have viscosities that change according to the amount of force that is applied upon the fluid. The viscosity changes as the force applied changes.

Usually, the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids is dependent on shear rate or shear rate history, or their viscosity is shear independent but still exhibit normal stress-differences or other Non-Newtonian behavior. In science, stress means that a force is applied to a body. The result of that stress is described as strain.

In a Newtonian fluid the relation between shear stress and the shear rate is linear, passing through the origin, the constant of proportionality being coefficient of viscosity. In a Non-Newtonian fluid the relation between the shear stress and the shear rate is different and can even be time-dependent Time Dependent Viscosity - a constant coefficient of viscosity cannot be defined for Non-Newtonian fluids as its possible for Newtonian fluids.

In case of the Non-Newtonian fluids, the concept of vicosity usually used in fluid mechanics to characterize the shear proprieties of a fluid is not quite adequate. Instead, they are studied best through several other rheological proprieties that relate to stress and strain rate tensors under many different flow conditions which are measured using different devices or rheometers.

The study of the flow of non-Newtonian fluids is called rheology : measurements are made in rheometers [see Walters ]. This is because, in addition to Shear Stress which is normally important for Newtonian fluids, Normal Stress is also important for non-Newtonian fluids.

For a simple shear flow see Figure 3 :. Of those which do not vanish:. For a simple extensional flow with extension-rate e see Figure 5 :. By definition:. Non-Newtonian fluids exhibit a number of effects not shown by Newtonian fluids.

A Newtonian fluid issuing at high Reynolds number from an orifice of diameter D will tend to form a jet of diameter 0. This so-called extrudate swell has important consequences, for example, in the formation of droplets. Rod-climbing , as the name suggests, means that a non-Newtonian fluid will, because of normal stress effects, tend to climb up a rotating rod, whereas a Newtonian fluid will tend to move down the rod because of centrifugal effects.

This has important consequences, for example, in the stirring of reactors. Drag-reduction is the significant reduction in friction factor, typically by two orders of magnitude, for turbulent flow of certain non-Newtonian fluids such as polymer solutions in water compared with that of the corresponding Newtonian fluid such as water.

Unfortunately, the reduction in friction factor is accompanied by a similar reduction in heat transfer coefficient, so there is no obvious application of this effect to flows in heal exchangers.

Bird, R. Leigh, D. Richardson, S. Skelland, A. Wiley, New York. Tanner, R. Walters, K. Wilkinson, W. Login: Guest. DOI: